- Long Term Cause of First World War-1
World War I began in June of 1914, and is considered to
have five major causes that led to the outbreak of the war. These five
causes include the four long-term causes (militarism, alliances, imperialism
and nationalism) discussed in this reading and one short-term cause (the
assassination of Franz Ferdinand). The four long-term causes are as
follows:
MILITARISM: The first long-term cause of World War I is
militarism. In the decades before World War I many European countries began to
practice militarism and worked to expand and strengthen their military forces.
ALLIANCES: The second long-term cause of World War I was
the system of alliances that existed in the years before the outbreak of war in
1914. When World War I began Europe divided between two separate alliance
systems. Britain, France and Russia made
up the Triple Entente while Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy made up the
Triple Alliance. The assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand
and the resulting crisis between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused
each system of alliances to enact and World War I began.
IMPERIALISM: The third main cause of World War I was
European imperialism that occurred in the 1800’s and early 1900’s before World
War I erupted in 1914. Imperialism is understood as a process in which a
country overtakes another country or region’s political, economic or social
life. Imperialism was carried out by the
powerful European nations against the rest of world in the decades before World
War I began.
NATIONALISM: The fourth and final long-term cause of
World War I was the growth of nationalism that occurred in Europe in the
decades before World War I and the tensions it caused. Nationalism grows when
people share similar beliefs, values, ethnic heritage, relationship to land,
language, culture and customs.
- Short Term Cause of First World War .
Answer: Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated
by Serbian Nationalists, which angered Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
which then Russia was an ally to. Germany promising an Alliance to Austria
declared war on the Triple Entente. Italy did not follow through alliance
Germany and Austria-Hungary had with them and joined the Allies later. The
Ottoman Empire joined the CP thinking if they won then they could be more
powerful and more recognized as a force to be reckoned with as they were back
in industrialism. Bulgaria layer entered the CP in 1917 one year to the wars
end. Britain, France, The US, and Italy had won.
- The Effects of World War 1.
The effects of World War
1 are still being felt a century after its conclusion. The specific effects of
World War-1 are as follows:
Specific
Effects of World War 1:
- WW1 caused the downfall of four monarchies: Germany, Turkey,
Austria-Hungary and Russia.
- The war made people more open to other ideologies, such as the
Bolsheviks that came to power in Russia and fascism that triumphed in
Italy and even later in Germany.
- WW1 largely marked the end of colonialism.
- The war changed the economical balance of the world.
- Inflation shot up in most countries and the German economy was highly
affected by having to pay for reparations.
- With all the new weapons that were used, WW1 changed the face of
modern warfare forever.
- Social life also changed: People all wanted better living standards.
- WW1 boosted research in technology, because better transport and means
of communication gave countries an advantage over their enemies.
* Spanish Tragedy Act-1 Screen -1 Summary.
Answer:
This
play is the story of the intense grief, quest for revenge, and eventual
insanity of Hieronimo, whose son Horatio is murdered by an ambitious courtier.
The play is an example of a medieval genre called the revenge tragedy, in which
the naked, murderous ambitions of its central characters are moralistically
avenged. The central theme of this play, as was the case with all such
tragedies, is the inevitability and rightness of justice.
A
Ghost appears, accompanied by a representation of Revenge. The Ghost introduces
himself as Andrea and summarizes his life as a Spanish noble, his loving
relationship with Bel-Imperia, and how he was slain in battle with Portugal. He
also recounts his journey through the various realms of the underworld, where
the governing spirits debated what should be done with his soul and eventually
sent him to be judged
* Odysseus Character in the Iliad.
Answer:
Once in a war, Odysseus proved to be an invaluable asset
for the Greeks. Not only being a skilled warrior, he was also one of the most
trusted counselors and advisers. He always championed the Achaean cause,
especially when the king was in question. He restored order and morale to the
Greek camp. Odysseus aided Diomedes during the successful night operation in
order to kill Rhesus' horses, because it had been foretold that if his horses
drank from the Scamander river, Troy could not be taken. And after all, it was
Odysseus who made it possible for the Greeks to finally conquer the city of
Troy. After the nine years of battle, the Greeks were still unable to break the
walls of the city. On top of all, Hector and Achilles were already dead and it
seemed that the war had reached a stalemate. But Odysseus had other plans. The
Greeks pretended to sail from Troy, leaving a huge wooden horse as if it was a
gift for the gods for winning the war. In truth they hid their ships on the
island of Tenedos, while fifty men, along with Odysseus, hid inside a horse and
the rest of the army stayed hidden not far from the city. The Trojans fell for
the trap, thinking that the war was over and accepted "the gift for the
gods". They broke down the gate walls and brought the horse inside the
city and celebrated all day. During the night, when most of the Trojans were
wasted, Odysseus and his men sneaked out of the horse, killed the guards and
gave a signal to the rest of the Greek army. Trojans were caught by surprise
and the Greeks were able to defeat them and claimed the city and, finally after
all those years, managed to win the war.
Technological innovations:
New inventions and technologies played an important role
in the Industrial Revolution.In the early part of the Industrial Revolution
natural power sources such as water and wind were used as power. In 1781 James
Watt invented a new type of steam engine that could be used to power machines
in factories. One of the first major inventions was the "spinning
jenny" invented by James Hargreaves in England in 1764. In 1779, Samuel
Crompton made improvements with the "spinning mule." The Industrial
Revolution began in with the opening of Slater's Mill. In 1876, Alexander
Graham Bell invented the telephone which changed the way people communicated
forever. The Industrial Revolution brought about the need for improved
transportation. In 1853, Elisha Otis invented a safety break for elevators.
This allowed for the practical use of elevators enabling buildings to be built
much taller. All technological innovations was helping for industrial
revolution.
What were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution?
Following were the social, economic, political and
intellectual causes of the French Revolution:
Social :- The social conditions in France in late 18th
century were extremely unequal and exploitative. The clergy and the nobility
formed the first two Estates and were the most privileged classes in the French
society. They were exempt from payment of taxes to the State. On the other
hand, the Third Estate that consisted of peasants and workers formed the
majority of the population. They were burdened with excessive taxes with no
political and social rights. As a result, they were extremely discontent.
Economic: - As a result of a numerous wars waged by Louis
XVI the State coffers were empty. The situation was made even more complex by
France’s involvement in the American War of Independence and the faulty system
of taxation. While the privileged classes were excused from paying taxes the
Third Estate was more and more burdened with them.
Political :- The Bourbon king of France, Louis XVI was an
extremely autocratic and weak willed king who led a life of obscene luxury.
This led to a lot of disenchantment among the masses who then were leading life
of extreme poverty and widespread hunger.
Intellectual:- The 18th century was marked by a conscious
refusal by French thinkers of the ‘Divine Rights Theory’. Philosophers like
Rousseau, rejected the paradigm of absolute monarchy and promulgated the
doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of people. They played a pivotal role
in exposing the fault lines of old political system, i.e. the ancient regime,
and articulating the popular discontent.
Caedmon's hymn poem.
Caedmon's Hymn' is one
of the three earliest remaining poems in Old English. The hymn, or song of
praise, is that God created the heavens and the earth for the enjoyment of men.
Caedmon praises God for His creation. Using repetition, he points out twice
that God, unlike man, is ternal.
Caedmon's story takes a little from both worlds. He's a cowherd but he
doesn't start his meditating while his
cows are mooing. Instead, it takes the divine intervention of an angel to get
him started on the poetic life. Thus his story becomes a miracle, a fully
Christian miracle, while still borrowing
some themes from the classical past. Not only is Caedmon a "first" in
his own right: the first English poet who wrote the first English poem, using new
forms and new imagery, the product of a Christian miracle; he is also part of
an older history, one of the many artistic she cowherds tending animals and writing
poems. This is an exciting, strange, and fascinating poem because it's sitting
at an intersection of old and new.
Theme:
Based On Religious
In
Bede’s poem, “Caedmon’s Hymn”, he demonstrates the major role religion played
in the Old English era. “Caedmon’s Hymn” is said to be the oldest poem written
in its time, and Caedmon himself is also said to be the first Christian poet.
Throughout most of the poem, Bede uses the third person’s perspective in order
to further place emphasis on the main theme of the story. After reading, the
spread of religion seems to be the overall point. Bede shows the reader how a
man living in the norms of society, with good intentions can be granted a
chance by the grace of God to take on the sacred duty of spreading his word.
Although Caedmon, the main character is introduced as nothing more but an
ordinary man in the beginning, he is soon awakened by something great and holy.
In a way, he becomes what we might call a hero by overcoming something he’d
always avoid.
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