1. The minoan Civilization
Answer: The term "Minoan"
refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos. Its origin is debated, but it is
commonly attributed to archeologist Arthur Evans (1851–1941).
The Minoan
civilization was a civilization on Crete. It began in the Bronze Age between
3000 and 2700 BC. It lasted until about 1450 BC. The Minoan civilization is
famous for its sea trading and well-planned cities. The Minoans had an
agricultural system which relied mainly on olives and grapes. Their religion
worshipped mostly goddesses. The Minoan civilization was later replaced by the
Mycenaean culture.
2. The myccnacan civilization;
Answer:
The Mycenaeans
are named after the city-state of Mycenae, a palace city and one of the most
powerful of the Mycenaean city-states. The Mycenaean civilization was located
on the Greek mainland, mostly on the Peloponnese, the southern peninsula of Greece. The Mycenaeans are the first Greeks.The Mycenaean
civilization thrived between 1650 and 1200 BC. The Mycenaeans were influenced by the earlier
Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete. This influence is seen in
Mycenaean palaces, clothing, frescoes, and their writing system, called Linear
B.
The major Mycenaean
city-states included Mycenae, home of the legendary King Agamemnon from the Iliad,
Tiryns, the home of Heracles (Hercules) from Greek mythology, and Pylos,
the home of old King Nestor from the Iliad. Pylos, located close to the
sea, was the only city-state that did not have cyclopean walls, therefore, it
was not a citadel like Mycenae and Tyrins.
3. Athens.
Answer:
The Acropolis of Athens by Leo von Klenze
(1846). Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously
inhabited for at least 5000 years. It is Situated in southern Europe.
Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium
BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the
foundations of western civilization.
During the early Middle Ages, the city
experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was
relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th
centuries), benefiting from Italian trade. Following a period of sharp decline
under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as
the capital of the independent and self-governing Greek state.
4.Sparta.
Answer:
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Together with Athens, Sparta is one of
the best known city-states of ancient Greece, but during the classical
period, it was a very different place to Athens.
Sparta was ruled by two kings and a
Council of Elders. There was an assembly of citizens, but this did not have
the power of the citizen assembly in democratic Athens.
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During the 5th century BC Sparta was
very powerful. This was due to her army, which was feared by other Greeks.
Sparta focused on producing good soldiers and all Spartan male citizens were
part of the army. The Spartan army played an important role in the Greek
victory over the Persians, in 480-479 BC.
However, archaeological evidence shows
us that Sparta was not always such a military-minded city. In earlier times,
Spartan bronze and ivory workers produced beautiful objects and poetry
flourished. Objects from this period provide evidence of this highpoint in
Spartan culture.
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5. The persian war
Answer:
The Persian Wars refers to the conflict
between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE which involved two invasions
by the latter in 490 and 480 BCE.
Persian Wars (499–479 bc)
Conflict between the ancient Greeks and Persians. In 499 bc, the Ioniancities of Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule. Athens sent a fleet to aid them. Having crushed the rebellion, Persian Emperor
Darius I, invaded Greece but suffered a defeat at Marathon (490 bc). In 480 bc, his successor, Xerxes, burned Athens but withdrew after defeats at Salamis and Plataea (479
bc). Under Athenian leadership, the Greeks fought on, regaining territory in Thrace and Anatolia, until the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (431 bc).
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