Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Poetry Question and Answer


A valediction Forbidding
1. Profanation - [ex]
Answer: This is a word from one of the most famous poems in English, John Donne's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning."  In this poem  Profanation is the noun form of the verb to profane. It  means irreverence or   degradation of something worthy of respect; cheapening.

2. How the trepidation earth and spheres it's different?
Answer: Everything above the earth moved in spheres: the moon, planets, the stars and sun. The spheres were concentric—picture those Russian nesting dolls. Those spheres moved in their own patterns, but different motions, vibrations, and alignments created what they referred to as "celestial music" and that divine symphony controlled everything in the universe—from the creation of planets and stars to what you are going to eat for breakfast.
   Now "trepidation" usually means to be afraid or anxious, but this older meaning actually means to make a literal trembling motion. So Donne is referring to the trembling motions and vibrations of the heavenly bodies
3. Why is the poet considering there parting not as breach rather as expansion? (A breach, but an expansion)
Answer: The poet considering there parting not as breach rather as expansion because the souls are compared to a lump of gold beaten thinner than paper. Their separation does not resemble a division, but instead an expansion into a thin golden foil.

4. Compass-[ex];
Answer: John Donne's metaphysical poem " A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" employs metaphysical conceits  metaphors that are apparently paradoxical. Donne employs a mathematical metaphor with the instrument of a compass that was used on maps to measure distance. In this metaphor, like the gold that is refined into a thinner, more beautiful piece, the one leg of the compass anchors the other that stretches for [travels] across the map, leaning some to accommodate the reach of the other leg, and strengthening the extension of this leg. Through the two metaphors of gold and the compass, both of which are "refined" or made better by the poet's distance from his wife, a distance that strengthens their spiritual love.

The Sunne Rising

1. How could poet prove sun weak?
Answer: In the poem the Sunne Rising the poet try to prove sun weak.  The poet personifies the sun as a “busy old fool”. He asks why it is shining in and disturbing “us”, who appear to be two lovers in bed. The sun is peeking through the curtains of the window of their bedroom, signaling the morning and the end of their time together. The poet then suggests that the sun go off and do other things rather than disturb them, such as going to tell the court huntsman that it is a day for the king to hunt, or to wake up ants, or to rush late schoolboys and apprentices to their duties.

2. All wealth alchimic[ex]
Answer: This line has been taken from The Sunne Rising by john donne. Here the poet want to tell that Alchemy is the ancient search for a method for turning metals into gold. By Donne's time, science had more or less debunked that myth and anyone claiming to have found the secret to alchemy was likely thought of as a con artist.

3. How can you get an idea of old ptolemaic system of the universe from this poem?
Answer: I can get an idea about  old ptolemaic system from the  poem when the poet tells that Shine on our bed, into the whole room; that way this will become your solar system with you revolving around us.  Here thy sphere refers  your solar system. Donne has the Ptolemaic model of the cosmos in mind, with the bed the focal point around which the sun revolves.


Death be not Proud

1. Who are the muster ruler of death and why?
Answer: Man are the master ruler of death because Death has to play by the rules just as humans do. In the example of death being a slave to a king is suggesting that death is less powerful than a mortal is. If a king can order another person to death and by what means he pleases, death again is at command and is subordinate to a man. Therefore man should not fear death because man can control death.

2. Why poppie/Charmes stroke better than death?
Answer: Donne almost seems to poke fun at death's inflated sense of itself, telling it that, in reality, it is a "slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men."Even in its capability to bring rest it is not the best, because "poppie or charms can make us sleep as well." Death’s influence is not final, nor even long-lasting; the speaker says that "One short sleep past wee wake eternally."

3. How the poet treating death.

Answer:  Donne creates and image of death that is not mysterious, not in control, and a slave of low status.  He does this by undermining the idea of death as bound to the rules of "fate, chance, kings, and desperate men." He insists that death is no more powerful than any mortal is.
Directed to death, "thou art slave" forms an unthreatening stance of death because slaves are not threatening.A slave is bound in submission to a master therefore having no say in what he or she can do.

Go and Catche a falling Starre
1. Mention the plethorn of near inplausible? [ 7 impossible task]
Answer: the seven impossible tasks are:  Go and catch fallen Star ,  mandret Root,  past years,
 devil's fort,  mermaid singing, Envy and progress honest mind.

2. Poet misogynistic approch?
Answer: Go and catch a falling star’ seems to endorse the misogynistic belief that all women (or all beautiful women, anyway – just to make it worse) are unfaithful and shouldn’t be trusted.

3. Why he has use the word pilgrimage?
Answer: The poet use the word pilgrimage because the poet’s mention of a pilgrimage to see a fair and faithful woman has a slightly sarcastic touch. Even his conclusion that she will be false, ere the poet come, to two or three, has a satiric stroke.

The Canonization
1. How is the world course going on you respective poet love?
Answer:  The world course going on us respective poet love in many ways. "The Canonization" starts with the poem's speaker wanting to be left alone. The speaker offers up plenty of other stuff for this other person to make fun of, like his tremors, gray hair, thin wallet, or even his gout.
Then he
changes course and tells this person to focus instead on making money, taking a
class, studying the arts, or observing folks like lawyers, bishops, or the
king's face. Essentially the speaker says, "Do whatever you want, pal,
just leave me alone."
2. The phoenis -[ex]
Answer: The lovers think of themselves as something a bit nobler than a fly, like an eagle or a dove. Or, the speaker reasons, maybe a phoenix is a more appropriate metaphor for these crazy kids. The phoenix was a kind of immortal bird which, when it died, had a new version of itself rise from its dead body. According to the lover, the riddle of Phoenix is there in their existence. They have two bodies, but they are one.  Like the Phoenix, they die and they rise from their ashes.

3. Justification title  of the canonization.
Answer:  "The Canonization" is a poem by English metaphysical poet John Donne.  The poem's title serves a dual purpose: while the speaker argues that his love will canonize him into a kind of sainthood, the poem itself functions as a canonization of the pair of lovers.
4. Important this poem to the poet [duement of love]
Answer: "The Canonization" is a poem by English metaphysical poet John Donne. First published in 1633, the poem is viewed as exemplifying Donne's wit and irony. It is addressed to one friend from another, but concerns itself with the complexities of romantic love: the speaker presents love as so all-consuming that lovers forgo other pursuits to spend time together. In this sense, love is asceticism, a major conceit in the poem.
Twicknam Garden

1. Why the poet is calling himself traitor?
Answer: The poet is calling himself traitor. Because though he wanted to start a new life, he brought into that garden of glory, his love; and his love was now not completely pure.
2. Spider love -[ex]
Answer: The poet  brought into that garden of glory, his love; and his love was now not completely pure. He calls it a spider’s love. A spider lives off filth and dirt
3. True paradise-[ex]
Answer: The garden of Adam and Eve was a paradise till the serpent came along and spoiled it. The speaker the garden he was in now was also a paradise. But akin to that text, he brought a serpent, his love, into this garden and made this a paradise in the truest of sense.

4. How is the environment humiliating the poet?
Answer: In Donne, there is an affirmation of cool detachment and self-possession in the face of something that upsets him. He shows a response and congeals at worst into cold self-righteousness. Donne’s wit exhibits a cool sanity and a wary openness which goes much beyond the refusal of facile commitment or sardonic amusement at the way the world goes.

5. Poet misogynists approach?
Answer: The speaker says that the tears that does not taste like his’s are all false. The speaker laments the inability to see a woman’s heart clearly. Because of this, he says only the woman knows the truth and her truth causes a lot of pain to her lover.
6. Perverse sexe-[ex]
Answer: The poet calls the sex perverse. He says that because he believes in love, nothing is true but she. He believes so because it is said that ‘truth brings pain’. And she is true, because she brings a lot of pain to her lover.



Tuesday, January 8, 2019

Mixed short question and answer of English hons(Caedmon’s Hymn Poem France rev



  • Long Term Cause of First World War-1
World War I began in June of 1914, and is considered to have five major causes that led to the outbreak of the war.  These five causes include the four long-term causes (militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism) discussed in this reading and one short-term cause (the assassination of Franz Ferdinand).  The four long-term causes are as follows:

MILITARISM: The first long-term cause of World War I is militarism. In the decades before World War I many European countries began to practice militarism and worked to expand and strengthen their military forces.

ALLIANCES: The second long-term cause of World War I was the system of alliances that existed in the years before the outbreak of war in 1914.  When World War I began Europe divided between two separate alliance systems.  Britain, France and Russia made up the Triple Entente while Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy made up the Triple Alliance. The assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand and the resulting crisis between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused each system of alliances to enact and World War I began.

​IMPERIALISM: The third main cause of World War I was European imperialism that occurred in the 1800’s and early 1900’s before World War I erupted in 1914.  Imperialism is understood as a process in which a country overtakes another country or region’s political, economic or social life.  Imperialism was carried out by the powerful European nations against the rest of world in the decades before World War I began.

​NATIONALISM: The fourth and final long-term cause of World War I was the growth of nationalism that occurred in Europe in the decades before World War I and the tensions it caused. Nationalism grows when people share similar beliefs, values, ethnic heritage, relationship to land, language, culture and customs.

  • Short Term Cause of First World War .
Answer: Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by Serbian Nationalists, which angered Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia which then Russia was an ally to. Germany promising an Alliance to Austria declared war on the Triple Entente. Italy did not follow through alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary had with them and joined the Allies later. The Ottoman Empire joined the CP thinking if they won then they could be more powerful and more recognized as a force to be reckoned with as they were back in industrialism. Bulgaria layer entered the CP in 1917 one year to the wars end. Britain, France, The US, and Italy had won.





  • The Effects of World War 1.
The effects of World War 1 are still being felt a century after its conclusion. The specific effects of World War-1 are as follows:

Specific Effects of World War 1:
  • WW1 caused the downfall of four monarchies: Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and Russia.
  • The war made people more open to other ideologies, such as the Bolsheviks that came to power in Russia and fascism that triumphed in Italy and even later in Germany.
  • WW1 largely marked the end of colonialism.
  • The war changed the economical balance of the world.
  • Inflation shot up in most countries and the German economy was highly affected by having to pay for reparations.
  • With all the new weapons that were used, WW1 changed the face of modern warfare forever.
  • Social life also changed: People all wanted better living standards.
  • WW1 boosted research in technology, because better transport and means of communication gave countries an advantage over their enemies.

* Spanish Tragedy Act-1 Screen -1 Summary.

Answer:
This play is the story of the intense grief, quest for revenge, and eventual insanity of Hieronimo, whose son Horatio is murdered by an ambitious courtier. The play is an example of a medieval genre called the revenge tragedy, in which the naked, murderous ambitions of its central characters are moralistically avenged. The central theme of this play, as was the case with all such tragedies, is the inevitability and rightness of justice.
A Ghost appears, accompanied by a representation of Revenge. The Ghost introduces himself as Andrea and summarizes his life as a Spanish noble, his loving relationship with Bel-Imperia, and how he was slain in battle with Portugal. He also recounts his journey through the various realms of the underworld, where the governing spirits debated what should be done with his soul and eventually sent him to be judged


* Odysseus Character in the Iliad.
Answer:

Once in a war, Odysseus proved to be an invaluable asset for the Greeks. Not only being a skilled warrior, he was also one of the most trusted counselors and advisers. He always championed the Achaean cause, especially when the king was in question. He restored order and morale to the Greek camp. Odysseus aided Diomedes during the successful night operation in order to kill Rhesus' horses, because it had been foretold that if his horses drank from the Scamander river, Troy could not be taken. And after all, it was Odysseus who made it possible for the Greeks to finally conquer the city of Troy. After the nine years of battle, the Greeks were still unable to break the walls of the city. On top of all, Hector and Achilles were already dead and it seemed that the war had reached a stalemate. But Odysseus had other plans. The Greeks pretended to sail from Troy, leaving a huge wooden horse as if it was a gift for the gods for winning the war. In truth they hid their ships on the island of Tenedos, while fifty men, along with Odysseus, hid inside a horse and the rest of the army stayed hidden not far from the city. The Trojans fell for the trap, thinking that the war was over and accepted "the gift for the gods". They broke down the gate walls and brought the horse inside the city and celebrated all day. During the night, when most of the Trojans were wasted, Odysseus and his men sneaked out of the horse, killed the guards and gave a signal to the rest of the Greek army. Trojans were caught by surprise and the Greeks were able to defeat them and claimed the city and, finally after all those years, managed to win the war.

Technological innovations:
New inventions and technologies played an important role in the Industrial Revolution.In the early part of the Industrial Revolution natural power sources such as water and wind were used as power. In 1781 James Watt invented a new type of steam engine that could be used to power machines in factories. One of the first major inventions was the "spinning jenny" invented by James Hargreaves in England in 1764. In 1779, Samuel Crompton made improvements with the "spinning mule." The Industrial Revolution began in with the opening of Slater's Mill. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which changed the way people communicated forever. The Industrial Revolution brought about the need for improved transportation. In 1853, Elisha Otis invented a safety break for elevators. This allowed for the practical use of elevators enabling buildings to be built much taller. All technological innovations was helping for industrial revolution.



What were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution?

Following were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution:

Social :- The social conditions in France in late 18th century were extremely unequal and exploitative. The clergy and the nobility formed the first two Estates and were the most privileged classes in the French society. They were exempt from payment of taxes to the State. On the other hand, the Third Estate that consisted of peasants and workers formed the majority of the population. They were burdened with excessive taxes with no political and social rights. As a result, they were extremely discontent.

Economic: - As a result of a numerous wars waged by Louis XVI the State coffers were empty. The situation was made even more complex by France’s involvement in the American War of Independence and the faulty system of taxation. While the privileged classes were excused from paying taxes the Third Estate was more and more burdened with them.

Political :- The Bourbon king of France, Louis XVI was an extremely autocratic and weak willed king who led a life of obscene luxury. This led to a lot of disenchantment among the masses who then were leading life of extreme poverty and widespread hunger.

Intellectual:- The 18th century was marked by a conscious refusal by French thinkers of the ‘Divine Rights Theory’. Philosophers like Rousseau, rejected the paradigm of absolute monarchy and promulgated the doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of people. They played a pivotal role in exposing the fault lines of old political system, i.e. the ancient regime, and articulating the popular discontent.


Caedmon's hymn poem.
Caedmon's Hymn' is one of the three earliest remaining poems in Old English. The hymn, or song of praise, is that God created the heavens and the earth for the enjoyment of men. Caedmon praises God for His creation. Using repetition, he points out twice that God, unlike man, is ternal.  Caedmon's story takes a little from both worlds. He's a cowherd but he doesn't start his  meditating while his cows are mooing. Instead, it takes the divine intervention of an angel to get him started on the poetic life. Thus his story becomes a miracle, a fully Christian miracle, while still  borrowing some themes from the classical past. Not only is Caedmon a "first" in his own right: the first English poet who wrote the first English poem, using new forms and new imagery, the product of a Christian miracle; he is also part of an older history, one of the many artistic she cowherds tending animals and writing poems. This is an exciting, strange, and fascinating poem because it's sitting at an intersection of old and new.

Theme: Based On Religious
In Bede’s poem, “Caedmon’s Hymn”, he demonstrates the major role religion played in the Old English era. “Caedmon’s Hymn” is said to be the oldest poem written in its time, and Caedmon himself is also said to be the first Christian poet. Throughout most of the poem, Bede uses the third person’s perspective in order to further place emphasis on the main theme of the story. After reading, the spread of religion seems to be the overall point. Bede shows the reader how a man living in the norms of society, with good intentions can be granted a chance by the grace of God to take on the sacred duty of spreading his word. Although Caedmon, the main character is introduced as nothing more but an ordinary man in the beginning, he is soon awakened by something great and holy. In a way, he becomes what we might call a hero by overcoming something he’d always avoid.
   


Monday, January 7, 2019

What were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution?


What were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution?

Following were the social, economic, political and intellectual causes of the French Revolution:

Social :- The social conditions in France in late 18th century were extremely unequal and exploitative. The clergy and the nobility formed the first two Estates and were the most privileged classes in the French society. They were exempt from payment of taxes to the State. On the other hand, the Third Estate that consisted of peasants and workers formed the majority of the population. They were burdened with excessive taxes with no political and social rights. As a result, they were extremely discontent.

Economic: - As a result of a numerous wars waged by Louis XVI the State coffers were empty. The situation was made even more complex by France’s involvement in the American War of Independence and the faulty system of taxation. While the privileged classes were excused from paying taxes the Third Estate was more and more burdened with them.

Political :- The Bourbon king of France, Louis XVI was an extremely autocratic and weak willed king who led a life of obscene luxury. This led to a lot of disenchantment among the masses who then were leading life of extreme poverty and widespread hunger.

Intellectual:- The 18th century was marked by a conscious refusal by French thinkers of the ‘Divine Rights Theory’. Philosophers like Rousseau, rejected the paradigm of absolute monarchy and promulgated the doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of people. They played a pivotal role in exposing the fault lines of old political system, i.e. the ancient regime, and articulating the popular discontent.


Greek mythological character.


1.      Greek mythological character.
Answer:
Olympians- The main and most important gods were the Twelve Olympians. The home of these gods is at the top of Mount Olympus. There was some variation as to which deities were included in the Twelve.[3] As such, the list below numbers fourteen. It includes all those who are commonly named as one of the Twelve in art and poetry. Dionysus was a later addition; in some descriptions, he replaced Hestia. Hades is not usually included among the Olympians, because his home was the underworld. Some writers, however, such as Plato, named him as one of the Twelve.
Hestia: Goddess of the hearth, home and chastity. She was described as a virgin. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus, and sister of Zeus. She could not often be identified in Greek art. She appeared as a veiled woman. Her symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some descriptions, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians to Dionysus, and she plays a minor role in Greek myths. The Roman version of Hestia, however, Vesta, was a major goddess in Roman culture.

Zeus - Roman name: Jupiter or Jove. The sky-god Zeus rules Mount Olympus. His weapon is the thunderbolt, and his bird is the eagle. The central figure of the myths, Zeus epitomizes their complexity. At times he is heavenly and represents a pure, eternal sense of justice; at other times, he is capricious and cruel.
Hera - Roman name: Juno. Zeus’s wife and sister, Hera is a very powerful goddess known mostly for her jealousy. Many unfortunate mortals endure hardships by provoking Hera’s wrath.

Hades - Roman name: Pluto. The brother of Zeus and Poseidon, Hades rules the underworld, the realm of the dead, with his wife, Persephone.
Pallas Athena -  Roman name: Minerva. Usually just called Athena, this goddess emerges from Zeus’s head fully-grown and armed. Associated with war, cleverness, and wit, it is no surprise that she favors Odysseus. Athena is the goddess of Wisdom, Reason, and Purity and is chaste, like Artemis and Hestia.
Phoebus Apollo -  Usually just called Apollo. A son of Zeus and Leto and Artemis’s twin, he is the god of Light and Truth, the master of Poetry and Music, and the god of Archery. His Oracle at Delphi is revered for her powers of prophecy and truth.
Artemis - Roman name: Diana. Apollo’s twin sister, Artemis is the beautiful huntress goddess and, like Athena, is somewhat masculine. Artemis is normally good and just, but demands a human sacrifice during the Trojan War.
Aphrodite - Roman name: Venus. Aphrodite is the sweet and delicate goddess of Love, Beauty, and Romance. Even so, she often shows formidable power, as in the story of Cupid and Psyche, and is herself a principal cause of the Trojan War. In a strange twist, lovely Aphrodite is married to the ugly and crippled Hephaestus.
Hermes - Roman name: Mercury. Hermes is the son of Zeus and the Titan Atlas’s daughter Maia. The messenger of the gods, he is fast and cunning. Hermes is a master thief, the god of Commerce and the Market, and the guide who leads the dead from Earth to Hades.
Ares - Roman name: Mars. A vicious god, Ares is hated by both his father, Zeus, and mother, Hera. The god of War, he is always bloody and ruthless, yet we see in his vain bullying that he is also, paradoxically, a coward.
Hephaestus -  Roman name: Vulcan or Mulciber. Hephaestus is either the son of Zeus and Hera, or simply of Hera alone, who gives birth to him in retaliation for Zeus’s solo fathering of Athena. The only ugly Olympian, he is also partially crippled. Hephaestus is the armorer and smith of the gods, and he forges spectacular magical objects. He is kind, generous, and good-natured.
Other Gods, Deities & Supernatural Beings
Dionysus - Dionysus, or Bacchus, god of wine. He embodies both the good and evil effects of alcohol. At times he is a jovial partier and patron of music and art, but at other times he is the god of madness and frenzy.
Demeter - Roman name: Ceres. Though a sister of Zeus, Demeter lives on earth. Demeter is the goddess of corn and harvest. She is kinder than Dionysus but also sadder, mostly because Hades has taken her daughter, Persephone, as his reluctant bride. Demeter thus lies in mourning for four months of the year, leaving the fields barren.

1.      The minoan Civilization
Answer:  The term "Minoan" refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos. Its origin is debated, but it is commonly attributed to archaeologist Arthur Evans (1851–1941).

     The Minoan civilization was a civilization on Crete. It began in the Bronze Age between 3000 and 2700 BC. It lasted until about 1450 BC. The Minoan civilization is famous for its sea trading and well-planned cities. The Minoans had an agricultural system which relied mainly on olives and grapes. Their religion worshiped mostly goddesses. The Minoan civilization was later replaced by the Mycenaean culture.

2. The myccnacan civilization;
3. Athens.
4.Sparta
5. The persian war
6. The peloponnesian war.


Short Description of Hector character, Hector Dead body and Menelaus Character.


Hector Character:
Answer: Hector was a prince of Troy in Greek mythology, son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. He is also a devoted husband and father, and is very concerned for the survival of Troy.  Hector is the leader of the Trojan forces.  He can be considered the more heroic of the heroes in The Iliad and seems to have a less selfish mentality.  Many of Hector's speeches throughout the epic have to do with concern about the fate of his city and worry about his family.  He is brave warrior and a thoughtful leader.  Under his leadership, the Trojans push the Achaeans back to their ships. After Hector kills Patroclus, Achilles kills Hector for revenge.

How to return Hactor Dead body.
 Answer:  Since he killed Patroclus with the help of a god,  the gods helped arrange his death. The one-on-one combat ends with Achilles killing Hector. Achilles knew that coming to Troy would gain him glory but cost him his life. The final reason Achilles returns Hector's body to Priam is the ransom. Priam gives Achilles gold equal to the weight of Hector's body, per Achilles' demand.


Characteristics of Menelaus in the Iliad?
Answer:  Menelaus, in Greek mythology, king of Sparta and younger son of Atreus, king of Mycenae; the abduction of his wife, Helen, led to the Trojan War. Menelaus is a good soldier and a steady man, but in The Iliad he is overshadowed by the glory of his older brother Agamemnon and the Achaean hero Achilles. ... But it doesn't matter in the end: Menelaus and the Achaeans are the victors, and Helen eventually returns to Sparta with Menelaus.