History of Europe
1. The Renaissance of Europe.
Answer: The
Renaissance was a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century in Europe.
This era bridged the time between the Middle Ages and modern times. The word
"Renaissance" means "rebirth". The
Renaissance was a time of "coming out of the dark". It was a rebirth
of education, science, art, literature, music, and a better life for people in
general.
A big part of the Renaissance was a cultural movement
called humanism. Humanism was a philosophy that all people should strive to be
educated and learned in the classical arts, literature, and science. The
Renaissance started in Florence, Italy
and spread to other city-states in Italy. The true geniuses of the Renaissance
were great examples of this. Leonardo da Vinci was a master painter, sculptor,
scientist, inventor, architect, engineer, and writer.
2. The Protestant Reformation.
Answer: The
Reformation occurred during Renaissance times. It was a split in the Catholic
Church where a new type of Christianity called Protestantism was born.
During the Middle Ages, few people knew
how to read and write. However, with the Renaissance, more and more people
became educated and learned how to read. At the same time, the printing press
was invented. People were able to read the Bible for themselves for the first
time.
3. The Industrial Revolution of Europe.
Answer: The
industrial revolution in Europe didn't happen overnight. The Industrial
Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period form
about 1760 to sometimes between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going
from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron
production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of
machine tools and the rise of the factory system. Textiles were the dominant
industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output
and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern
production methods. During Industrial revolution there was an effect all
the europe. There are:
-Lead to the modern
capitalist economy; -Altered the daily
lives of all people;
-Increase in per capita
income; -Economic and social gap; -Increase in life expectancy;
-Increase in population; -Urbanization; -Organized labor; -Increase in political participation
4. What was
the French Revolution?
Answer: The French Revolution was a period of time in France when the people
knock off the monarchy and took control of the government.
- When did it take place? : The French
Revolution lasted 10 years from 1789 to
1799. It began on July 14,
1789 when revolutionaries stormed a prison called the Bastille.
- The French Estates: Before the French Revolution, the
people of France were
divided into three social
groups called "Estates." Most of the people were members
of the Third Estate and paid most of the taxes.
- Revolutionary Government : At the start
of the revolution, representatives from
the Third Estate established
the National Assembly where they demanded that King Louis XVI give them certain
rights. This group soon took control of the country.
- Political Clubs: Many of the new political ideas
and alliances of the French
Revolution were formed in
political clubs.
- Outcome : The French Revolution completely
changed the social and political
structure of France. It
brought new ideas to Europe including liberty and the abolishment of slavery
and the rights of women. Although the revolution ended with the rise of
Napoleon, the ideas and reforms did not die.
5. The First World War
Answer:
World War-1 was a major
conflict fought between 1914 and 1918 and fought between the Allied Powers and
the Central Powers. The main members of the Allied Powers were France, Russia,
and Britain. The United States also fought on the side of the Allies after
1917. The main members of the Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, the
Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Where was most of the
fighting? : The majority of the fighting took
place in Europe along two fronts: the western front and the eastern front.
How did it start? Although there were a number of causes for the war, the
assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main catalyst for
starting the war. After the assassination, Austria declared war on Serbia. Then
Russia prepared to defend its ally Serbia. Next, Germany declared war on Russia
to protect Austria. This caused France to declare war on Germany to protect its
ally Russia. Germany invaded Belgium to get to France which caused Britain to
declare war on Germany. This all happened in just a few days.
How did it end?:The fighting ended on November 11, 1918 when a general
armistice was agreed to by both sides. The war officially ended between Germany
and the Allies with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
6. The Second World war
Answer: World
War II was fought between the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) and the
Allied Powers (Britain, United States, Soviet Union, France). Most of the
countries in the world were involved in some way. It was the deadliest war in
all of human history with around 70 million people killed.
When was it? : World War II started in 1939 when Germany invaded
Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany. The war
in Europe ended with Germany's surrender on May 7, 1945. The war in the Pacific
ended when Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.
Where was it? : World War II started in Europe, but spread throughout
the world. Much of the fighting took place in Europe and in Southeast Asia
(Pacific).
